What are some common barriers to reporting sexual assault?

The choice identifying shame, fear of retaliation, and disbelief from others as common barriers to reporting sexual assault is insightful because these factors significantly impact a survivor's willingness to come forward. Shame can arise from societal stigma surrounding sexual assault, leading individuals to feel isolated or blame themselves for the incident. Fear of retaliation pertains to potential negative consequences they might face from the perpetrator or even from the community—this can include threats, harassment, or further victimization. Additionally, disbelief from others, including friends, family, or authorities, can be a compelling deterrent, as survivors may fear that their experiences will not be taken seriously or that they will face skepticism rather than support. These emotional and social challenges create an environment where survivors feel vulnerable and may choose not to report the assault, contributing to underreporting of these crimes.